Guide for profitable Mango Farming, Cultivation In India
Mango Farming is India’s leading fruit crop mango farming and is considered to be the king of fruits. Besides the delicious taste, excellent flavour and attractive fragrance, it is rich in vitamin A&C. The tree is hardy and needs comparatively low support costs.
Mango fruit is utilized at all steps of its development, both in its immature and mature time. Raw fruits are applied for making chutney, pickles, and juices. Besides use for dessert, the ripe fruits are also use for preparing several products like squashes, syrups, nectar, jams, and jellies. The mango kernel also contains 8-10 percent good quality fat that can used for soap and as a substitute for cola in store.
Mango occupies 22% of the following total fruits comprising 1.2 million hectares, with a total production of 11 million tonnes. Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, have the most significant area under mango, each with around 25% of the total area, followed by Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
Fresh mangoes and mango pulp are essential items of agro-exports from India. India’s main export targets for mango are the USA and other Middle East nations, with a limited quantity sent to the European market. Although India is the largest mango-producing country, accounting for about 60% of world production, fresh fruit export is limited to Alphonso and Dashehari varieties.
Planting Materials for Mango plantation
Mango can produced from seed or propagated vegetatively. Plants are generally create using techniques like veneer grafting, inarching and epicotyl grafting, etc., for plantation. Mahindra Yuvo is the best tractor series for farming.
Spacing for Mango Trees
The seeding distance is 10m. x 10m. and 12m. x 12m. in dry and moist zones, individually. In the model system, a spacing of 8 m x 8 m with a group of 63 plants per acre has recognized, which was observed to expected in areas covered during a field study.
Training of Mango plants
Training plants as part of Mango Farming in the initial stages of growth is necessary to give them a proper shape, especially in cases where the graft has branched too low.
Nutrients required for Mango trees
Fertilizers may use in two divided doses, one half shortly after harvesting fruits in June/July and the other half in October, in both young and old orchards follow by irrigation if there are no rains. Foliar application of 3 % urea in sandy soils is recommended before flowering.
Irrigation requirements for Mango plants
Young plants are water regularly for proper establishment. In the case of grown-up trees, watering at 10 to 15 days intervals from fruit set to maturity is beneficial for improving yield. However, irrigation is not approve for 2-3 months before opening as it is likely to promote vegetative growth at the expense of flowering. For a better irrigation system, the Mahindra JIVO tractor series is best for farmers.
Intercropping in Mango farm
Intercrops such as herbs, legumes, short duration, and dwarf fruit products like papaya, guava, peach, plum, etc., depending on the agro-climatic factors of the region, can grown. However, the water and nutrient requirements of the intercrops must met definitely.
Harvesting and the yield of Mango crop
The yield of mango varies wildly, depending upon the variety and agro-climatic conditions prevailing in a region.
Grafted mango trees start bearing from the fifth year onward. However, seedling trees may take 8-10 years.
At the start of bearing at the age of 3 – 4 years, the yield may be as low as 10-20 fruits (2-3 kg) per tree, rising to 50-75 fruits (10-15 kg) in the subsequent years, and to about 500 fruits (100 kg) in its tenth year. In the age group-20- 40 years, a tree bears 1,000-3,000 fruits (200-600 kg) in an” on” year. Thus, the productive age of a grafted mango tree is usually 40-50 years, after which the yield declines.
Post-Harvest Management of Mango fruits
The life of mangoes is short (2 to 3 weeks). Therefore, they are cool as soon as possible to a storage temperature of 13 degrees Celsius. However, a few varieties can withstand a storage temperature of 10 degrees Celsius. Steps involved in post-harvest handling cover preparation, grading, washing, drying, waxing, packing, pre-cooling, palletization and transport.
Packaging of Mangoes Fruit
Mangoes are usually pack in corrugated fiberboard boxes 40 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm in size. Fruits are arrange in a single layer of 8 to 20 fruits per carton. The boxes should have enough air holes (about 8% of the surface area) to allow good oxygenation.
Financial institutions have also expressed mango financing schemes in potential areas for the site’s development under mango. In addition, individual mango development schemes with farm infrastructure abilities like well, pump set, fencing, drip irrigation system, etc., have also been recognized.
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