Drama (Story) As A Kind Of Literature

The arsenal of literary and visual means is the epic uses in full: actions, portraits, descriptions, direct characteristics, dialogues and monologues, landscapes, interiors, gestures, facial expressions, etc., which gives the images the illusion of plastic volume and visual-auditory reliability.

The epic has its own special system of genres. Although in historical development it has undergone significant changes and interacted with the genres of lyrics and drama, in its foundations it has nevertheless been preserved.

The genre varieties of the epic are as follows: 

• epic, 
• fairy tale, 
• story, 
• short story, 
• novel, 
• essay. 

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• Epic

this is the name for a large and monumental (solid, deep in content) form of epic works of national-historical problems.

• A fairy tale

it is one of the main genres of oral and poetic creativity, mainly a prosaic, artistic oral story of a fabulous, fantastic, adventurous, or everyday character. As a result, the term “fairy tale” means various types of oral prose: animal tales, fairy tales, adventure tales, etc.

Further, the fairy tale originated in prehistoric times and plays an important role in the oral work of all peoples at various stages of their development. Moreover, various types of fairy tales were historically formed in the initial connection with mythology and, in an artistically transformed form, became an inseparable part of folklore prose.

• Novella

this is a small genre of narrative literature. The formation of the genre only during the Renaissance. Here for the first time begins the artistic development of personal, private life.

The novel combines pictures of prosaic everyday life and acute, extraordinary, sometimes even fantastic events and situations. In addition, the sharp, centripetal, often paradoxical plot and a lack of descriptiveness characterizes the short story. 

• novel

an epic work of a large form of modern times. The novel reveals the history of several, sometimes many, human destinies over a long period of time, sometimes entire generations. This, in particular, predetermines the significance of the volume of the novel in comparison with other genres.

• An essay

it is a kind of small form of epic literature, mainly a prose documentary genre. It differs from the story, and even more so from the short story, in the absence of a single, quickly resolving conflict and in the great development of a descriptive image, which consists mainly of the narrator’s observations. 

Furthermore, a specific essay principle is the unification of individual scenes and details into a coherent work by means of their open ideological and problematic comparison or opposition.

• Lyrics

The term comes from Latin and Greek – the name of a musical instrument – the lyre, to the accompaniment of which lyric poems were originally sung. This kind of literature expresses in all its diversity the inner world of a person. 

Experiences, feelings, thoughts, emotions, moods, as well as any mental states, can be embodied in a lyric work. Moreover, it can be said by rough analogy with drama and epic that it is in the lyrics that the main object is the inner world of people.

• The poetic novel

it is the most detailed and voluminous form. It is characterized by the multilinearity of the plot, in the orbit of which the fate of a number of characters intersecting, to a greater or lesser extent, with the fate of the main (main) hero of the novel. 

• A poem

it is a large poetic work with an expanded narrative or lyrical plot. The main features are the presence of the image of a lyrical hero, who is actively present, in addition to the plot, in the characteristics of the characters, reflecting on their fates.

• Ballad

once a choral dance song of love content (Middle Ages, Western Europe); later – a small plot poem, which is most often based on some extraordinary incident, sometimes a historical one. 

• The poem

it is a small lyrical work with a sharp rhythmic organization, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables. In addition, scope – from two to several lines (single lines are an exception). Furthermore, stanzas that emphasize (reveal) its rhythmic structure structurally organize the poem. 

• Elegy

it is a poem imbued with sad moods, expressing sad thoughts, dissatisfaction with life, discord between ideal and reality. Moreover, ancient Greek poets have elegies on various topics: love elegy – dissatisfaction with love relationships, moralistic elegy – dissatisfaction with social morals, philosophical elegy – bitterness from the transience of human existence, etc.

• Drama

The term comes from the Greek word draw, which means activity. In addition, dramatic reproduction of life combines the display of external events and facts and the disclosure of the inner world of characters without the author’s mediation, relying solely on the combination in the direct action of self-disclosure and mutual disclosure of characters. 

• The tragedy

it is a literary dramatic work based on an irreconcilable life conflict. In addition, tragedies are characterized by an intense struggle between strong characters and passions, which ends in a catastrophic outcome for the characters (usually death).

• A comedy

it is a literary dramatic work in which characters, situations, and actions are present comically, using humor and satire. At the same time, the characters can be quite sad or sad.

• A comedy of characters

it is a dramatic comedy work in which the source of the funny is the inner essence of characters (morals), funny and ugly one-sidedness, a hypertrophied trait or passion (vice, lack). Moreover, very often, the comedy of morals is a satirical comedy that makes fun of all these human qualities.